• The PI K PTEN Akt mTORC GSK pathway also

  2021-11-05

  

  The PI3K/PTEN/Akt/mTORC1/GSK-3 pathway also plays key roles in metabolism, obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular diseases (, , , , ). Sometimes such clinical problems such as diabetes, obesity and metabolic disorders are interlinked with cancer. Clearly further elucidation of the roles of GSK-3 could

• Recently a receptor for nicotinic acid named

  2021-11-05

  

  Recently, a receptor for nicotinic acid, named GPR109A (also known as HM74a in man or PUMA-G in the mouse) has been identified (Lorenzen et al., 2001, Lorenzen et al., 2002, Soga et al., 2003, Tunaru et al., 2003, Wise et al., 2003). This receptor, a member of the 7 transmembrane G-protein coupled f

• Compared to previously reported atypical N glycosites that w

  2021-11-05

  

  Compared to previously reported atypical N-glycosites that were identified based on the deamidation of asparagine residues after PNGase F treatment [106], [107], these two studies further validated the identified atypical motif glycosites by directly identifying their intact glycopeptides. Since the

• While the S site has been implicated

  2021-11-05

  

  While the S2 site has been implicated in binding, it mimosine is unclear whether the S2 site plays a role in the substrate transport process. Crystal structures have revealed that different drugs and detergents can bind to the S2 site of SERT [8] and LeuT [[13], [14], [15]]. However, there are no c

• br Acknowledgments br The authors would like to acknowledge

  2021-11-05

  

  Acknowledgments The authors would like to acknowledge the technical assistance of J. Lee. This work was supported by the U.S. National Institute of Health grant HL111206 (to R.A.H.) the Italian Ministry for University and Research (MIUR 2010329EKE). Introduction The liver plays a vital role

• In order to test whether the enhanced

  2021-11-05

  

  In order to test whether the enhanced hyperpolarization in the presence of increasing amounts of extracellular Ca2+ could be due to an ionophore effect of NS309, red cell uptake of 45Ca and partition of 45Ca into a water/n-octanol phase +/−100 μM NS309 were determined. However, no indication of iono

• br GJs in the brain br

  2021-11-05

  

  GJs in the brain Alterations of GJs in epilepsy The role of GJ blockers and openers in epilepsy As previously known, GJ-mediated electrical coupling plays a role in the generation of highly synchronous electrical activity. The hypersynchronous neuronal activity is a significant feature of c

• Inhibitors against the proteasome a component of the ubiquit

  2021-11-05

  

  Inhibitors against the proteasome, a component of the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway that degrades cellular proteins, provide a new strategy for targeting the 26S proteasome [25]. Proteasome inhibitors can exhibit potent anti-cancer effects against different tumor Ginkgolic Acid C15:1 synthesis and we

• Knock out mice of FXR showed enhancing cholesterol metabolis

  2021-11-05

  

  Knock-out mice of FXR showed enhancing cholesterol metabolism in vivo and reducing serum levels of total cholesterol. Additionally, the results of FXR-deficiency mice revealed potential effects on the improvement of obesity and diabetes.19, 20 As a natural FXR ligand, guggulsterone possesses antagon

• br FXR FGF in the

  2021-11-05

  

  FXR–FGF15/19 in the control of BAs synthesis The nuclear receptor FXR is the master regulator of BAs homeostasis, modulating their synthesis, interleukins and uptake [15]. FXR decreases BA de novo hepatic biosynthesis by reducing the expression of CYP7A1. At the canalicular membrane, newly-synth

• We have isolated various bioactive

  2021-11-05

  

  We have isolated various bioactive tgx acting by binding to the receptors of endogenous bioactive peptides such as opioid, bradykinin, neurotensin, and complements C3a and C5a etc. [24]. Rubimetide is the first example of an agonist peptide of the FPR2 of exogenous origin. Anxiolytic-like activity

• Trifluoromethyl ketones and fluorophosphates were the first

  2021-11-05

  

  Trifluoromethyl ketones and fluorophosphates were the first generation FAAH inhibitors identified. They showed good in vitro FAAH inhibition potency, but most of them exhibited poor selectivity for FAAH over other serine hydrolases (such as the triacylglycerol hydrolase and the membrane-associated h

• Recent studies have shown that

  2021-11-05

  

  Recent studies have shown that epigenetic modification is involved in neuropathic pain. For instance, peripheral noxious stimulation changes DNA methylation and histone modifications, which are related to pain hypersensitivity under chronic pain conditions [8]. Importantly, the epigenetic abnormalit

• Among RASs observed in patients from group

  2021-11-04

  

  Among RASs observed in patients from group 2, RAS T54S was identified in one patient infected with subtype 1b. This mutation had been shown to cause resistance to boceprevir and telaprevir, but not to simeprevir [36]. This was confirmed here since this patient achieved SVR after 12 weeks of treatmen

• This data is in accordance with our

  2021-11-04

  

  This data is in accordance with our recent results on the influence of cholesterol-depleting agent methyl-β-cyclodextrin on platelets (Borisova et al., 2011a). Dissipation of the proton electrochemical gradient of secretory granules by methyl-β-cyclodextrin did not evoke the release of endogenous gl

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