• Glial cells have emerged as important protagonists of the ce

  2021-12-14

  

  Glial cells have emerged as important protagonists of the central nervous system (CNS) physiology (Chen and Swanson, 2003; Kettenmann and Verkhratsky, 2008; Parpura and Verkhratsky, 2012). As widely described in the literature, astrocytes regulate glutamatergic synapses by clearance of glutamate in

• Such responses have led to the idea that elasmobranchs may

  2021-12-14

  

  Such responses have led to the idea that elasmobranchs may be glucose intolerant. However, certain species, such as the North Pacific spiny dogfish (Squalus suckleyi; note that the species used in this study was previously referred to as Squalus acanthias but a study by Ebert et al. (2010) provided

• The caseins are a family

  2021-12-14

  

  The caseins are a family of milk phosphoproteins whose biological function is to provide supersaturating concentrations of calcium, phosphates, and essential Cy5.5 NHS ester receptor to the neonate (Vonderhaar and Ziska, 1989). α- and β-caseins, the most abundant of the milk caseins, are described

• Ghrelin is a brain gut peptide hormone

  2021-12-14

  

  Ghrelin is a brain-gut peptide hormone secreted from the stomach to stimulate food intake by acting on its receptor, growth hormone secretagogue receptor (GHSR). GHSR is expressed throughout the brain and in NPY/AgRP neurons in the ARC (Cowley et al., 2003, Willesen et al., 1999). Ghrelin-expressing

• Amongst oxidants that we have

  2021-12-14

  

  Amongst oxidants that we have studied, PMS is unique in having a greater effect in deoxygenated cells. The resulting phenotype shows some similarities with the increased cation permeability shown by deoxygenated sickle Vandetanib [27]. It is interesting to consider why PMS has this effect. PMS func

• br GJs in the brain br Alterations of

  2021-12-14

  

  GJs in the brain Alterations of GJs in epilepsy The role of GJ blockers and openers in epilepsy As previously known, GJ-mediated electrical coupling plays a role in the generation of highly synchronous electrical activity. The hypersynchronous neuronal activity is a significant feature of c

• br STAR Methods br Author Contributions br Introduction Hyal

  2021-12-13

  

  STAR★Methods Author Contributions Introduction Hyaluronan, a major constituent of the extracellular matrix (ECM), is produced by hyaluronan synthases (HASs) and degraded by hyaluronidases (HYALs) (Vigetti et al., 2014). Physiologically, hyaluronan exists in a form with a molecular weight of

• In diseased blood vessels increased production of

  2021-12-13

  

  In diseased blood vessels, increased production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), such as peroxynitrite, superoxide, and hydrogen peroxide, have been found [[53], [54], [55]]. Peroxynitrite was suggested to alter the redox state of sGC [53] while hydrogen peroxide interfered with the action of NO bu

• The endocannabinoid system ECS consists of

  2021-12-13

  

  The endocannabinoid system (ECS) consists of cannabinoid (CB)1 and CB2 receptors, their endogenous ligands anandamide and 2-arachidonylglycerol, and the synthesizing and degrading enzymes for these ligands. Cannabinoids and the ECS are involved in the regulation of GI motility in physiological and p

• br Action of GPR in

  2021-12-13

  

  Action of GPR55 in metabolically active tissues In addition to being highly expressed by discrete brain regions, as described in Section 2, GPR55 is also expressed in a wide range of peripheral tissues, including spleen, adrenals and bone (Sawzdargo et al., 1999, Ryberg et al., 2007, Whyte et al.

• br Methods and materials br Results Overall free

  2021-12-13

  

  Methods and materials Results Overall, free glutamate intakes in US children and adults are shown in Table 1. The sample-weighted mean intake of crude free glutamate was 258 mg/d for children and 322 mg/d for adults. Furthermore, the corresponding energy-adjusted value was 136 mg/1000 kcal and

• The transport of glutamate by EAAT from the extracellular

  2021-12-13

  

  The transport of glutamate by EAAT2 from the extracellular fluid into either astrocytes or endothelial cells is an unfavorable and energy-consuming process. This energy is provided by a coupled co-transport of three sodium ions, one proton, and one glutamate molecule in the counter-transport of one

• br Acknowledgements This work was financed by

  2021-12-13

  

  Acknowledgements This work was financed by the projects “Mejora Genética del Almendro” (MINECO-Spain, AGL2017-85042-R), “The molecular mechanisms to break flower bud dormancy in fruit trees” to RS-P within the Villum Young Investigator Program and by the VILLUM Research Center for Plant Plasticit

• PK profiles of were evaluated

  2021-12-13

  

  PK profiles of were evaluated and found to be improved compared to compound presumably due to interruption of β-oxidation. Low clearance and high plasma exposure were considered to be suitable profiles as an oral agent (). We first examined in vitro insulinotropic effects of compound from MIN6 c

• br Introduction Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardi

  2021-12-13

  

  Introduction Atrial fibrillation is the most common cardiac arrhythmia (Benjamin et al., 1998). Pulmonary vein (PV) sleeves contain a mixture of working myocardium and potential arrhythmogenic pacemaker perindopril erbumine behaving as an ectopic trigger of atrial fibrillation (Haissaguerre et al

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