• Materials and methods br Results br Discussion ATX plays a

  2023-09-14

  

  Materials and methods Results Discussion ATX plays a significant role in initiating and sustaining tumor metastasis [43]. LPA stimulates cell proliferation, migration and survival by acting on its cognate G-protein-coupled receptors. Aberrant LPA production, receptor 2-Palmitoylglycerol and

• Placental cells also express P aromatase CYP A

  2023-09-14

  

  Placental cells also express P450 aromatase (CYP19A1, encoded by CYP19A1). In the placenta, this enzyme requires an external source of androgens, provided by the adrenal gland of the fetus, to form estrogen. The fetal adrenal gland produces dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) [9] and, in the placenta, it

• AR is expressed in cell specific human

  2023-09-14

  

  AR is expressed in cell-specific human ovarian follicles at all stages of follicular development [25]. Administration of androgens in animals demonstrated initiation of follicular recruitment, stimulation of early stages of follicular growth, and increase in the number of growing follicles [26,27].

• In a recent issue of Minokoshi and colleagues

  2023-09-14

  

  In a recent issue of , Minokoshi and colleagues have added more light to our understanding of the role of hypothalamic AMPK in the regulation of energy balance. Previous seminal work from the same group suggested that AMPK in the PVH might be involved in the modulation of feeding . Here, they show

• Similarly results obtained in our lab using experimental dia

  2023-09-14

  

  Similarly, results obtained in our lab using experimental diabetic encephalopathy induced by streptozotocin (STZ) in C57BL-6 mice showed that the hippocampus of the diabetic animals exhibited reactive gliosis, neuronal loss, NF-kB signaling activation as well as high levels of IL-1β and vascular end

• br Effects of BCAAs on

  2023-09-13

  

  Effects of BCAAs on glucose metabolism Insulin plays an exclusive role in regulation of glucose metabolism, and obesity and type 2 diabetes induce hyperinsulinemia due to insulin resistance. Plasma BCAA concentrations are increased by 14–20% in patients with hyperinsulinemia under overnight fasti

• These mutations induce the gene auto activation in of

  2023-09-13

  

  These mutations induce the gene auto-activation in 10–40% of adenocarcinomas, triggering the EGFR-signaling pathway in the absence of ligand. That leads to an uncontrolled acceleration of cell proliferation, survival and anti-apoptotic signals (Couraud et al., 2012). The frequency of these mutations

• While the mechanisms by which ALDH

  2023-09-13

  

  While the mechanisms by which ALDH2 regulates cardiac responses to pathological stress remain unclear, the capillary rarefaction found in pressure-overloaded ALDH2 Tg hearts provides potential clues. Loss of capillary density and diminished endothelial function occur in pathological hypertrophy [46]

• Interaction between AhR and ligands leads to AhR transformat

  2023-09-13

  

  Interaction between AhR and ligands leads to AhR transformation (Fig. 1), characterized by a rapid receptor nuclear translocation and the formation of AhR/Arnt complex and the release of the chaperone proteins. Following AhR transformation, the AhR/Arnt complex binds to its cognate DNA consensus seq

• Unlike in humans hepatic expression of FGF increases in

  2023-09-13

  

  Unlike in humans, hepatic expression of FGF21 increases in mice consuming KD and is a necessary mediator of the physiologic adaptations to the diet. FGF21 knockout (KO) mice gain, rather than lose weight on the diet [6]. FGF21 also activates BAT in part by increasing SNS drive [3,7]. In addition, th

• A number of studies suggest that adiponectin promotes

  2023-09-13

  

  A number of studies suggest that adiponectin promotes osteoblast differentiation and bone formation by directly targeting GSK-3β and β-Catenin signaling [64], [65], favoring bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell (BMSC) differentiation toward the osteoblastic lineage [66], [67], decreasing sympathetic to

• It has been reported that HT R involves in type

  2023-09-13

  

  It has been reported that 5-HT2R involves in type 2 diabetes mellitus and 5-HT-induced IR [22,23]. The present study also demonstrated that it is 5-HT2R rather than other 5-HT receptors, including 5-HT1BR and 5-HT7R, in the liver that mediates HFD-induced abnormality of hepatic lipid metabolism, and

• br Adenosine as a mediator of procedures used to

  2023-09-13

  

  Adenosine as a mediator of procedures used to manage pain The issue of caffeine Caffeine, from dietary sources, is perhaps the most widely consumed behaviorally active agent in the world (Fredholm et al., 1999). Initial characterization indicated caffeine had a higher affinity at A1−, A2A− and

• br Introduction br Rac dependent ROS and actin regulation

  2023-09-13

  

  Introduction Rac1-dependent ROS and retinoic acid receptor regulation in neuronal functions NOX-mediated ROS have an important role as physiological messengers. One remarkable example regarding such a function is during axonal formation. In this line, increased p40phox/NOX2 levels and co-loca

• In addition we performed Western blot analysis of different

  2023-09-13

  

  In addition, we performed Western-blot analysis of different areas of mouse brain with Fucoidan against mAck1 (Ureña et al., 2005). The data obtained showed a high rate of expression in neocortex, hippocampus, cerebellum, and brainstem (Fig. 4). More moderate levels of expression were seen in hypot

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