• To the best of our knowledge only three

  2018-11-08

  

  To the best of our knowledge, only three metabolites, L-threonine, butyrate, and vitamin C, have been identified so far that act as epigenetic modulators of ESC self-renewal and/or somatic cell reprogramming (Mali et al., 2010; Shyh-Chang et al., 2013; Wang et al., 2009). Interestingly, L-threonine,

• As male germline stem cells

  2018-11-08

  

  As male germline stem dhpg can colonize recipient mouse testes (Brinster and Zimmermann, 1994), transplantation of isolated male germ cells into recipient mouse testes has been performed in various animal species including rodents and large animals (Clouthier et al., 1996; Dobrinski et al., 1999, 20

• The functional in vitro data using high sensitive ELISA sugg

  2018-11-08

  

  The functional in vitro data using high-sensitive ELISA suggested that the 3D model-derived TH+ neurons secrete DA at a higher level than hESCs derived from the conventional 2D platform upon K+ induction. However, it is recommended that the ELISA data be validated via high performance liquid chromat

• C retrospective dating is a new technology to

  2018-11-08

  

  14C retrospective dating is a new technology to overcome limitations in measuring cardiomyocyte renewal in human hearts (Bergmann et al., 2009, 2012; Huttner et al., 2014; Spalding et al., 2013). This strategy is based on the incorporation of nuclear test bomb-derived 14C into genomic DNA; therefore

• br Materials and methods br

  2018-11-08

  

  Materials and methods Author disclosure statement Acknowledgments We thank Muscle Tissue Culture Collection (MTCC) for providing the sample. The Muscle Tissue Culture Collection is part of the German network on muscular dystrophies (MD-NET, service structure S1, 01GM0601) and the German ne

• Transplantation of iPSC NSCs within the neonatal

  2018-11-08

  

  Transplantation of iPSC-NSCs within the neonatal ache inhibitors yielded stable engraftment across the neuroaxis for at least 4 months, but only within and adjacent to white matter tracts. Although the precise mechanisms are unclear, NSCs from various sources display a tropism for white matter in b

• br Conclusion The use of

  2018-11-08

  

  Conclusion The use of SR1 at 20% O2 proved to be the best condition for the expansion of HPSCs into larger cell numbers; however, the use of SR1 at 1% O2 resulted in an increase in the proportion of primitive HSCs in the sample. It will in the future be necessary to confirm the effectiveness and

• br Results br Discussion Here we

  2018-11-08

  

  Results Discussion Here we describe the role for histone demethylases KDM4A and KDM4C in the epigenetic regulation of mESC differentiation to endothelial cells. We showed that KDM4A and KDM4C targeted the tri-methyl histone 3 lysine 9 (H3K9me3), a known repressive marker of gene regulation (Bl

• br Experimental Procedures br Author Contributions br Acknow

  2018-11-08

  

  Experimental Procedures Author Contributions Acknowledgments The research leading to these results has received funding from the European Community’s Seventh Framework Programme under grant agreement n.602300 (SYBIL) to A.V., PRIN Project 20102M7T8X_003 to A.V., Ricerca Finalizzata from Min

• An increase in the PGC number caused by dnd

  2018-11-08

  

  An increase in the PGC number caused by dnd RNA injection does not exceed 3-fold, even if a high level of Dnd expression occurs in many cells. It is likely that an additional factor essential for PGC specification exists in medaka, which shows expression and PGC-specifying activity similar to dnd b

• MiR p downregulated in OM MSCs has been

  2018-11-08

  

  MiR-140-5p (downregulated in OM-MSCs) has been reported to inhibit the expression of CXCL12 (Nicolas et al., 2008), which has been shown to promote oligodendroglial cell maturation in vitro (Göttle et al., 2010; Kadi et al., 2006) and myelination in the demyelinated cuprizone model (Patel et al., 20

• We have confirmed that established iPS RPE cells constitutiv

  2018-11-07

  

  We have confirmed that established iPS-RPE cells constitutively express MHC-I but not MHC-II. However, the cytokines produced acutely in response to immune rejection may upregulate RPE MHC-II expression, as seen in vitro. This upregulation may be sufficient to initiate a recognition response in vivo

• The isothermal bulk moduli of the oxide spinels have been

  2018-11-07

  

  The isothermal bulk moduli of the oxide spinels have been demonstrated to be primarily controlled by their volumes (Anderson and Anderson, 1970), and the values of the isothermal bulk moduli can be estimated from the crystal chemical systematics which influences the volumes (Hazen and Yang, 1999). T

• Fig introduces in addition to credit constraints the second

  2018-11-07

  

  Fig. 2 introduces, in addition to credit constraints, the second source of friction in the model: taxes on formal entrepreneurs and on labor income. Now the informal sector becomes profitable for some individuals, since they Forskolin can avoid paying taxes. In particular, for a given level of weal

• Currently the precise nature of augmentation is not fully

  2018-11-07

  

  Currently, the precise nature of augmentation is not fully understood. What is known is that it is caused by a disturbance of the dopaminergic system [5]. It is believed that the increased dopaminergic state is caused by excessive stimulation of D1 compared with D2 receptors, which leads to decrease

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